Dental Caries

VizComm

I. Introduction to Dental Caries
a. Definition and Overview
b. Prevalence and Impact on Oral Health

II. Causes and Pathogenesis
a. Role of Bacteria: Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species
b. Factors Contributing to Caries Formation: Diet, Oral Hygiene, Saliva Composition
c. Demineralization and Remineralization Processes

III. Stages of Dental Caries
a. Initial Lesion (White Spot Lesion)
b. Enamel Caries
c. Dentin Caries
d. Pulpal Involvement and Abscess Formation

IV. Risk Factors for Dental Caries
a. Dietary Factors: Sugars, Acids, Frequency of Consumption
b. Poor Oral Hygiene Practices
c. Socioeconomic Factors
d. Medical Conditions and Medications

V. Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis
a. Signs and Symptoms: Tooth Sensitivity, Discoloration, Cavities
b. Dental Examination: Visual Inspection, Probing, Radiographic Imaging
c. Classification Systems: DMFT Index, ICDAS Criteria

VI. Prevention and Management
a. Oral Hygiene Practices: Brushing, Flossing, Mouthwash Use
b. Dietary Modifications: Limiting Sugary Foods and Beverages
c. Fluoride Therapy: Topical and Systemic Applications
d. Sealants and Pit and Fissure Sealants
e. Professional Dental Care: Regular Check-ups, Cleanings, and Fluoride Treatments

VII. Treatment Options
a. Non-Invasive Approaches: Fluoride Application, Dental Sealants
b. Restorative Procedures: Dental Fillings (Composite, Amalgam), Crowns, Inlays, Onlays
c. Endodontic Treatment (Root Canal Therapy)
d. Extraction in Severe Cases

VIII. Complications and Prognosis
a. Spread of Infection: Abscess Formation, Periodontal Disease
b. Tooth Loss and Functional Impairment
c. Impact on Quality of Life and Self-Esteem

IX. Special Considerations
a. Pediatric Dental Caries: Early Childhood Caries (ECC), Nursing Bottle Syndrome
b. Geriatric Dental Caries: Xerostomia, Root Surface Caries

X. Emerging Trends and Research
a. Novel Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies
b. Biomarkers for Caries Risk Assessment
c. Advances in Dental Materials and Techniques